The Development And Impact Of Romanricism On The Eupropean World Essay

The Development And Impact Of Romanricism On The Eupropean World Romanticism, in a way, was a reaction against rigid Classicism, Rationalism, and Deism of the eighteenth century. Strongest in application between 1800 and 1850, the Romantic Movement differed from country to country and from romanticist to romanticist. Because it emphasized change it was an atmosphere in which events occurred and came to affect not only the way humans thought and expressed themselves, but also the way they lived socially and politically. (Abrams, M.H. Pg. 13) Romanticism emphasized the individual, the subjective, the irrational, the imaginative, the personal, the spontaneous, the emotional, the visionary, and the transcendental,(www.go.grolier.com/romanticism) Among the characteristic attitudes of Romanticism were the following: a deepened appreciation of the beauties of nature; a general exaltation of emotion over reason and of the senses over intellect; a turning in upon the self and heightened examination of human personality and its moods and mental potentialities; a preoccupation with genius, the hero, and the exceptional figure in general, and a focus on his passions and inner struggles; a new view of the artist as a supremely individual creator, whose creative spirit is more important that strict adherence to formal rules and traditional procedures; an obsessive interest in folk culture, national and ethnic cultural origins, and the medieval era; and a fondness for the exotic, the remote, the mysterious, the weird, the monstrous, the diseased, and even the satanic.(Barzun, Jaques. Pg 157-159) Romanticism was preceded by several related developments from the mid-18th century that can be called Pre-Romanticism. Among such trends was a new appreciation of the medieval romance, from which the Romantic Movement derives its name. (Abrams,M.H. Pg. 261) The romance was a tale or ballad of chivalric adventure whose emphasis on individual heroism and on the exotic and mysterious was in clear contrast to the elegant formality and artificiality of widespread Classical forms of literature, such as French Neoclassical tragedy. This new interest in relatively unsophisticated but emotional literary expressions of the past was to be a dominant note in Romanticism. (Frenz, Horst and Stallknecht, Newton P. pgs 70-73) Romanticism in English literature began in the 1790s was the publication of Lyrical Ballads written by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Cloeridge. Wordsworths Preface to the second edition (1800) of Lyrical Ballads, in which he describes poetry as the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings, became the manifesto of the English Romantic Movement in poetry. (Thompson, E.P. Pgs 33-34) The first phase of Romantic Movement was in Germany, which was marked by the innovations in both content and literary style and by a preoccupation with the mystical, the subconscious, and the supernatural. (Abrams, M.H. Pg.68) The most momentous national movement was Germanys. The Germans rebelled not only against Napoleonic rule but against the century old upper hand of French civilization. They rebelled not only against the French armies but against the philosophy of the Age of Enlightenment. The years of the French Revolution and Napoleon were, for Germany, the year of it greatest Cultural Efflorescence. (Abrams, M.H. Pg. 73) Germany became the most romantic of all countries, and German influence spread throughout Europe. In the nineteenth century, the Germans came to be widely regarded as intellectual leaders, like the French had been a century before. Most of the German thought had come from nationalism in a broad sense. A wealth of talents, including Friedrich H?lderlin, the early Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Jean Paul, Novalis, Ludwig Tieck, A.W. and Friedrich Schlegel, Wilhelm Heinrich Wackenroder, and Friedrich Schelling belong to this first phase. In Revolutionary France, the Vicomte de Chateabriande and Mme de Stael were the chief initiators of Romanticism, by virtue of their influential historical and theoretical writings. (Abrams, M.H. Pg. 81) While Wordsworth and Coleridge's Lyrical Ballads are generally taken to mark the formal beginning of English romanticism, important elements of the movement were formed throughout the 18th century. The British landscape and deep past were explored and reinvented in diverse ways by James Thomson, Thomas Gray, James Macpherson, and Thomas Chatterton, helping to establish the tastes for balladry and nature on which Wordsworth and Coleridge drew. (Thompson, E.P. Pgs 111-113) William Blake, Wordsworth, and Coleridge constitute the early romantics. They join together primarily because their art and thought developed in direct response

Academic And Practice On Development Studies Tourism Essays

Academic And Practice On Development Studies Tourism Essays Academic And Practice On Development Studies Tourism Essay Academic And Practice On Development Studies Tourism Essay The beginnings of SD require touristry development to be sustainable. Conventionally, Farrell ( 1992 ) defines SD as the demand to equilibrate the economic, environmental and societal elements within development system, so that no constituent is regarded as being attached more importance or being neglected. However, recent old ages have witnessed the instability in development system in footings of poorness, clime alteration, pollution, diseases and resources over-use. Current state of affairs calls for demands to all sectors make part in order to run into the demand of SD. Tourism, as a important economic component, is going the largest sector of international commercialism ( Hunter, 1997 ) . The economic position of touristry shows enough motivations for the execution of STD, under the rules of SD. Thus, SD requires STD to accomplish balanced sustainable ecotourism associated with long-run benefits every bit good as ethical duty ( Wight, 1993 ) .Conversely, STD generates built-in impacts on SD. On one manus, if the rules of STD are besides the general demands of SD, the planning and executions in touristry industry nexus to the demand of finishs absolutely. For illustration, STD associated with generated net income, employment chances, environment protection and inward migration contributes to the concerns of SD in footings of preservation, community based economic sciences and environment economic system integrating ( Wight, 1993 ) . On the othe r manus, Hunter ( 1997 ) argues that the prevailing paradigm of STD is excessively tourism-centric. As a consequence, the concerns of STD have been divorced from the general construct of SD, doing that the policies and execution do non efficaciously lend to SD, and even really travel against the demands of SD. For case, prevailing paradigm encourage to keep and heighten the touristry countries, or even making new 1s, with the ignorance of quality of life and resource use ( Hunter, 1995 ) ; Besides, touristry is regarded as a thrust to the saving of SD with the isolation of other sectors, which causes a combat with other resource users in footings of conveyance, retailing and electricity ( Wall, 1993 ) .Sing the really different relationships between STD and SD, Hunter ( 1995 ) provides two alternate theoretical accounts to show the interaction between STD and SD. In termed Total Immersion theoretical account, the part of STD is wholly a sub-set of the demands of SD ; In Partial Imm ersion theoretical account, the concerns of STD and SD are overlap, that is, tourism-centric concerns do non efficaciously lend to the general demands of SD. This typical theory reveals the current inter-relationship between STD and SD as SD puting general ends to STD, and STD should lend to SD theoretically. However, on a practical context, STD contributes different weight to accomplishing these ends.In most of touristry finishs, sustainable touristry has been treated as an economic and societal activity. For illustration, the Yorkshire Dales National Park, UK, a chiefly rural country that is owned by a series of private endeavors has witness a turning figure of tourers during the terminal of twentieth century. Under this circumstance, a scheme of public-sector counsel has been designed to promote private proprietors to lend to sustainability in touristry industry ( DCMS, 1999 ; ETB and EDG, 1991 ; RDC, 1996 ) . Consequently, the private sectors improve internal operations in foot ings of created employment, responsible buying, waste and recycling. However, they respond to sustainability concentrating on continuing the resources that tourism industry depends, instead than sustainable usage in a more general context ( Dewhurst and Thomas, 2003 ) . As a consequence, the private sectors simply concern tourism-related resources and merchandises to continue the touristry industry to be sustained. Whereas, no 1 collects paper from bins, and the figure of autos waiting out of the park has been more than the streets and auto Parkss can prolong.In some countries, SD has been regarded as a broader end that touristry should accomplish. For illustration, in New Zealand, the Ministry for the Environment ( 2008 ) has examined the SD issues caused by mass touristry in footings of population force per unit areas, air pollution, waste, increasing family ingestion and conveyance. Meanwhile, a national touristry scheme, New Zealand Tourism Strategy 2015 ( NZTS 2015 ) ( Ministry of Tourism, 2007 ) , was launched with an credence of SD as a basic attack to tourism planning ( Connell, Page and Bentley, 2009 ) . In economic and societal facet, NZTS 2015 encourages private-sector-driven activities and Maori Participation in touristry decision-making, and the public sectors act as a provider in footings of substructure and demand direction ( Page and Thorn, 2002 ) . In economic and environmental facet, the authorities takes actions to supervise and license private sectors to progress resources use efficiency and to supply convenience for travelers to accomplish environment economic system integrating. In societal and environmental facet, the authorities invests in keeping bing and developing new recreational services and installations on preservation lands to back up increased visitant growing without damaging the environment. All these facets create a balanced scheme harmonizing to the enterprises and demands of SD.The above illustrations illustrate Hunter ( 1 995 ) s two theoretical accounts by one which is tourism-centric concentrating on STD as an economic activity, and one which meets the demands of wider SD. There is no uncertainty that Hunter ( 1995 ) believes the latter 1. And he claims that STD should be regarded as an adaptive paradigm , which promotes sustainability by legion elements, but legitimizes attacks under different fortunes ( Miller and Twining-Ward, 2005 ) . After all, SD is mostly of import than STD. It is indispensable to guarantee that, in no fortunes should tourism develop with isolation from the original rules of SD. Otherwise, if tourism-centric attack is adopted, it is possible that programs and actions are taken with ignorance of the demands of SD. Furthermore, sustainability may be regarded as a menace to touristry industry in long term, under which sustainable touristry can decidedly travel against the basic ends of SD both now and in the hereafter. Conversely, Muller ( 1994 ) argues that STD does non needf ully see the petition of SD, but calls for balance between all the elements within touristry industry to accomplish sustainable touristry in long term. This attack is followed by five every bit of import aims: economic wellness, good nature, healthy civilization, a high grade of subjective wellbeing and optimal satisfaction of invitee demand ( Muller, 1994 ) . STD in such a manner that all the aims are considered every bit to guarantee touristry development to be sustainable economically, socially and environmentally.By contrast, there are underlying restrictions of the links between STD and SD, which suggests that the stiff rules and demands of SD can non be transposed to the context of STD. First, the basic end of development is supposed to originate as a effect of economic benefits ( Sharpley, 2000 ) . Despite the broad credence of rules of sustainability in touristry industry, the possible function of touristry in development is recognized as a narrow economic facet. As a conseq uence, this economy-centric position makes societal and environmental facets in sustainability to be easy overlooked. Besides, to some instances, the issues arise between sustainable and developmental ends of STD are in contradiction. For illustration, while it comprises ends of ecological sustainability, STD can non dwell with the development facet of SD. Thus, the attendant aims of STD are non rules of SD. This suggests that Total Immersion theoretical account is unattainable. Besides, as Muller ( 1994 ) claimed, to accomplish the aims of STD, it is non necessary to see the demands of SD. The balanced constituents of the touristry industry can take to STD in long term. However, it is likely that any balance attaches more importance to economic system than environmental facet, and one s balance is another s instability ( Miller and Twining-Ward, 2005 ) . This limited position of Muller s attack proves that development demands to travel beyond touristry to be sustainable.To sum up, this essay reveals the nexus between STD and SD, that is, SD has general demands on STD, and conversely, STD generates specific impacts on SD, which contributes to SD or violates the general demands of SD. Furthermore, Hunter s two possible readings are raised to exemplify the nexus between STD and SD with two relevant illustrations. Last but non least, the restrictions of Hunter s and Muller s attack are identified, but the Total Immersion theoretical account is unattainable in pattern under the fortunes of economic system centred and tourism-centric paradigm within touristry industry. After all, SD is much more of import than STD, but sustainable touristry needs to develop in long term. Therefore, it is concluded that sustainable touristry does non needfully develop under the demands of sustainable development, and sustainable development demand to seek a cross-sector and genuinely incorporate scheme beyond touristry industry. Furthermore, if STD moves off from SD, it is necessa ry to acquire rid of touristry industry, wholly.

A Famous South Indian Restaurant In The Uk Marketing Essay

A Famous South Indian Restaurant In The Uk Marketing Essay Mirch Masala, a famous south Indian restaurant in the UK started in the year 1995 in Norbury, establishing branches in Tooting in the year 2001, Southall branch in April 2004, Croydon and East London branch in 2005 and Ilford branch being the latest in February 2009, under the watchful gaze of its owner and founder, Mr. Riaz Hassan Sabir, 49. It bears the name of most basic ingredient of Indian cuisine. The specialties are karahi and barbecue dishes. All food is prepared fresh on the premises, which may explain the massive popularity, as it tastes so fantastic. Mirch Masala has a string of awards to its credit. The Norbury branch won a highly commended in the Croydon Guardian’s Restaurant of the Year awards and the Tooting branch won its region in the Tiffin Cup and has gone on to the national finals. Mirch Masala has been the winner of a number of UK restaurant awards, the latest being TOP 100 RESTAURANTS OF UK voted by EVENING STANDARD (AUG 2003). Business portfolio The ent ire business is build upon a horizontal integration, dealing only with restaurant business. Expanding its wings in the South London with a total of 6 branches, all branches approved by Halal Monitoring committee, UK. Having the same menu and same style of preparing the food in all branches is unique in Mirch Masala. Mission Statement â€Å"To provide customers the authentic taste of Indian cuisine and be the best in the Industry on a consistent level† Overview of Business Mirch masala started with the first branch in Norbury and succeeded over a period of time, developing further with 5 more branches to its profile. Having over six branches, Mr. Riaz Hassan Sabir enjoys reaping a good profit and delivers excellent services with good quality of food equally over all branches even though the branches are decentralized. Employees come from the same Asian background that has enough idea about Indian cuisine. The business comprises of over 60 employees in all the branches with sea ting capacity of 170 in Croydon branch, 320 in Ilford, 130 in Tooting, 160 in Norbury, 140 in Southall and 120 in East Croydon. Branches Norbury Restaurant 1416 London Road, Norbury London SW16 4BZ Tel: 0208 679 1828, 0200 765 1070 Email: norbury@mirchmasalarestaurant.co.uk Tooting Restaurant 213 Upper Tooting Road London SW17 7TG Tel: 0208 672 7500, 0208 767 8638 Email: tooting@mirchmasalarestaurant.co.uk Southall Restaurant 171-173 The Broadway Southall, Middlesex UB1 1LX Tel: 0208 867 9222 Email: southall@mirchmasalarestaurant.co.uk East London Restaurant 111-113 Commercial Road London E1 1RD Tel: 0207 377 0155 Email: eastlondon@mirchmasalarestaurant.co.uk Croydon Restaurant 40-42 Southend Road Croydon CR0 1DP Tel: 0208 680 3322, 0208-6809898 Email: croydon@mirchmasalarestaurant.co.uk Ilford Restaurant 7-13 Goodmayes Road, Goodmayes Ilford, IG3 9UH Email: ilford@mirchmasalarestaurant.co.uk SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis is a strategic planning tool used to identify internal fa ctors such as strengths, weakness of a business and external factors such as opportunities and threats which should be addressed on the right time in order to be successful over a period of time. SWOT analysis of Mirch Masala Restaurant is identified and specified as follows. Strengths The exterior and interior of the restaurant is clean and tidy The quality and service of the restaurant has created a good brand image over a period of time

Waste equals Food Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Waste equals Food - Essay Example Human influence significantly affects the cycle through which nature replenishes itself. The human practices introduce a model through which the nature cycle becomes obstructed. The substances humans pick from nature cannot safely return into the natural cycle developing a closed end. The writer also identifies the demarcation of substances into two material flow pathways. These are technical and biological pathways. Of late, human advancement has blended the two pathways with the result of obstructing both. This is through the creation of hybrids which can neither benefit the biological pathway, nor the technical pathway. A banana peel may undergo different processes depending on its mode of disposal. When placed in a landfill, organic matter remains in a form that is not reusable by nature. The landfill contains other contaminants that make the peel not to be salvaged by either the biological process or the technical process. The benefits obtainable from the peel become unrecoverab le. When placed in a compost pile, however, the peel forms the raw material for microorganisms which salvage the carbohydrates present. This way, the peel undergoes decomposition to release minerals, which replenish the soil (Picq et al 34). The authors’ main objective is to caution the human race from entangling in processes that do not promote continuous replenishment of the earth. In their view, the earth is the source and should be protected to promote life. Several practices by humans, however, interrupt with the earth’s life cycle and contribute to adverse effects. With the advent of modernization and increasing population, agricultural practices vary from the ancient methodologies with a marked increase in use of chemicals in farming. Though more food than ever is produced, the practices leave the earth vulnerable to erosion, and death of natural fauna. Chemicals used in farming end up killing the beneficial microorganisms thus interrupting the natural ecosystem . Deforestation, as a result of tree felling at a rate lower than that of planting, has led to erosion. The incorporation of technical nutrients with biological ones means that once the lifespan of the product ends, the waste cannot reenter the nature’s pathway or be reused in the technical pathway. The chapter addresses the issue of how human beings can be responsive in ensuring the stability of earth. The emphasis is that the earth is the primary source of livelihood for survival of life. The earth has its own mechanism of ensuring continuous flow of nutrients. This happens through the nature’s life-cycle involving death and decomposition of matter. It is critical to come up with technologies that do not end with products that cannot be reused or recycled. Substances used as technical nutrients should allow reuse in other systems rather than end up being disposed or degrading the environment. Technical and biological nutrients should not be blended. Else, the systems in which they gain application as hybrids, should allow the materials to be recovered separately to re-enter the separate pathways. In order to support their conclusions, the writers cite the intervention in making materials for wheelchairs with nutritive biodegradable matter. This was done through elimination of harmful dies and a terrific selection of natural fibers. The products not only ensured comfort and aeration to the user, but once worn out, they could be

The Background of the May Fourth Movement in China Essay

The Background of the May Fourth Movement in China - Essay Example Indeed, in the WWI China had joined the allies against Germany, and after the war demanded that allies end the occupation of the Chinese territories, but such demands were ignored in the Versailles Treaty. Frustration and indignation of the Chinese escalated and lead to student demonstrations on May 4, 1919 in Beijing, which quickly expanded to other main cities. The disappointment over the West instigated many Chinese to search elsewhere for help. Still, while the May Fourth Movement grew on the base of the student protests, it had a deeper historic background that contributed to it. In fact, the roots of the May Fourth Movement, also called the New Cultural Movement, can be found in China already around 1916, when Chinese intellectuals began to spread disdain for the traditional Chinese culture, blaming it for turning China into a secondary international player. So, it is no wonder that the controversy over the Versailles Treaty lead to the explosion of popular outrage, and amplifi ed appeals to much needed "new culture" and the need to return to China its due international role. Moreover, at the same time the government of the Northern Warlords, the militant sovereigns and ruling groups, submitted to the foreign powers and significantly increased taxation, which made the population suffer.

Study on Saint Gobain Mirrors Essay Example for Free

Study on Saint Gobain Mirrors Essay INTRODUCTION Saint-Gobain Glass is a leading Glass Manufacturer in India and manufactures a range of Reflective Glass, Solar Control Glass, Green Building Glass, Interior glass, Fire resistant glass and Advanced Glass Solutions. Their reflective glass range includes mirror glass with a maximum sheet size of 3210 x 2000mm and a thickness of 5mm. Coating on Saint-Gobain mirrors is applied with a revolutionary new process which replaces copper, the origin of corrosion in mirror, with a highly sophisticated multiple level chemical treatment. In this process, the silvered layer is applied on the glass by a chemical method also knows as the wet film method. To reinforce the adhesion of this layer, a preparatory surface treatment of the glass is done by sensitization followed by passivation. The silvered layer is then treated to endow it with anti-corrosion properties and to improve adhesion of the paints. CHARACTERISTICS OF MIRROR IN B2C Characteristics It has superb lustre, and a perfectly flat surface ( in the case of flat mirrors) which gives a distortion-free image reflection. Mirror uses high grade float glass as its base and it is manufactured under an automated process, thus giving superb quality mirror. Also, mirrors find different applications due to their ability to be moulded into concave and convex shapes apart from the usual flat surfaced mirrors. Applications 1.Cosmetic mirrors of appropriate size and designs for homes. 2.Internal use of wall surfaces, ceilings and pillars for general household usage, shops, offices and departmental stores. 3.Furniture and interior decorations. 4.In a small way, mirrors of smaller dimensions are also used by fashion  designers and tailors for dress designing. CHARACTERISTICS OF MIRROR IN B2B Characteristics Mirror manufactured under the automated process has a silver membrane which is protected by a copper plated layer, and finally sealed with an oven baked paint coating. The silver membrane is fully protected, this providing long lasting performance and durability. Applications Use of Flat Mirrors: †¢Mirrors are used in washrooms of restaurants, in bars, hotels, jewellery shops, beauty clinics, nightclubs and theatres †¢They are also used in sports and leisure centres, gymnasiums and swimming pools. Use of Concave Mirror: †¢Concave mirrors are used in vehicle headlights to focus the light from the headlight. The light is not as diffused and the driver can see better at night. †¢Concave mirrors are used to focus light for heating purposes. †¢They are used as dentists mirrors to magnify the image of patients’ teeth to facilitate the examination. †¢Used in some telescopes. Convex Mirror Uses: †¢Used in rear-view mirrors of vehicles. These mirrors make objects appear smaller than they really are. Due to this compression, these mirrors to reflect a wider image area, or field of vision. †¢Convex mirrors are often placed near ATMs to allow bank customers to see if someone is behind them. This is a security measure that helps keep ATM users safe from robbery of any cash withdrawals and helps keep ATM users identity more secure. †¢Large hospitals, stores and office buildings often use convex mirrors to allow people to see what is around a corner to help keep people from running into one another. †¢ Ceiling dome mirrors are ideal for surveillance in shops, offices and industrial environments. They allow someone to watch what is going on in a wide area and allow shopkeepers to spot thieves and vandals †¢Portable inspection mirrors can be used for security and safety purposes.  They are widely used by security firms and the military. MARKETING MIX FOR B2C MARKET A mirror is used at home in various ways like compact mirror for personal uses, in bathrooms and mostly by women for their personal styling. This is not a frequent buying in case of B2C market because replacement time is long in case if it does not break. Product This component deals with a mirror as a product for a consumer i.e. what are the different features he/she expects. In this case, it can be 1.Design of the mirror i.e. horizontal or vertical according to the use, large wall or small wall mirror, frameless or framed mirror. 2.Variety of the mirror like plastic lining, silver lining, copper lining or wooden lining along the borders. 3. Quality would be that it should be very clean and clear and showing the real image without hiding any imperfections, edges must be fine. 4. Durability i.e. must be resistant to corrosion. 5.Features would be like it must be unbreakable, come with a supporting stand in case of a home use if small size 6.Size, for example- small in case of travelling i.e. should be portable and also foldable, leaning mirrors and floor mirrors 7.Packaging, in case one is buying from a luxury cosmetic brand, then packaging comes into picture because in that case they would be expensive such that it reaches safely while transporting from one place to other. Brand, Services, Warranties and Returns does not matter much in B2C market for consumers if it is for very regular purposes but if it is for decorative purposes and for high end customers , it matters a lot. Price The price depends on the size of the mirror and whether the product is from a local i.e. not known company or it is from a branded high-end company exclusively for decorative purposes at home. A customer does not quote any price but only negotiates on the price offered by the retailer. If we talk about small mirrors used at homes or bathroom mirrors, then price is not a  concern but in case of high end mirrors like lining mirrors with silver, copper and metal etc., the price is worth negotiating because they are expensive and both the ends want the best price. There are some companies which also customize the mirror according to the individuals use i.e. shape, size, type of mirror etc. For example-a frameless wall mirror will cost between 10000/- to 20000/-, small wall mirrors vary from 4500/- to 12000/- but if expensive linings are used it increases, large wall mirrors can go from 5000/- to 90000/-. These are the list prices of the mirrors but the consumer expects some discounts on it like 10-20% and in case if a consumer is buying an expensive mirror , say of 1000000/-, then he/ she can get it on credit terms like half down-payment and rest at the time of delivery. Promotion The promotion strategies adopted are not that aggressive in terms of television commercial in the mirror market. One will hardly find any advertisements in newspaper regarding mirrors. So, advertisements are mainly done online; the price, quality and features are mentioned on the websites through which order can be placed. Another kind of promotion is done by word of mouth like if one customer is satisfied with the product which may help in building the chain of customers. The Sales force plays an important role here because a customer does know about this much when he/she enters a mirror store, the only things they look after are the shape and size of the mirror, after that the conversion of a prospect into a buyer is dependent majorly on the sales force because the inside information is little to the customer. Now comes Sales promotion, under which different scheme are introduced to increase the buying. For example it can be like- Buy two and get 20% off on the third purchase or with every mirror worth a particular price get a cleaner free etc. and public relations also matters for small as well as luxury end companies as it is what brings the customer back for repetitive purchase. Place The place component deals with channels, locations and transport of the mirror. As availability is the most important factor, it is done through channels like online buying (open a website, browse the catalogue and order  it by online payment and in that case transportation mishandling, breakage will be managed by the company) and this buying mostly happens for expensive mirrors, nearby store which includes wholesalers/retail shops for small/large household buying dealing in furniture where inspection can be done; general stores for cosmetic uses. Transportation is important, which means the time in which the delivery will be made after an order is placed. MARKETING MIX FOR B2B MARKETS Product Functionality: †¢As interior decorative glass in common areas of public and private buildings: entrance halls, landings, etc. †¢In bars, restaurants, hotels, jewellery shops, beauty clinics, nightclubs and theatres. †¢For panelling on walls or doors and on furniture and shelves. †¢As mirrors in sports and leisure centres, swimming pools. †¢Car rear-view mirrors and side mirrors. †¢In single-lens-reflex (SLR) cameras. †¢Dental mirrors. †¢Magnifying mirrors in makeup kits and compacts. †¢Searchlights, floodlights, and spotlights (used in theaters). Quality: †¢Durability: Mirrors must be resistant to corrosion, particularly in humid conditions. †¢Clarity: Clarity is an important criterion that determines the quality of a mirror, and is indicated by the sharpness of the reflection seen in it. This in turn depends on the base glass on which the mirror is made. †¢Distortion-Free: Distortion in a mirror occurs due to inconsistencies, impurities, irregularities and heterogeneity in materials used to produce the base glass. †¢Eco-friendly: Mirrors must use metals that do not pollute the environment. Packaging: Mirrors sold to businesses are made available in various dimensions of length and breadth, along with options of form (such as required degrees of convexity, concaveness). Warranty: Mirrors come with a limited period warranty of being free of black edge defects resulting from improper production for a limited period after delivery to the immediate customer. The limited warranty of the mirror product are void if: †¢Broken †¢Mishandled †¢Improperly Installed †¢Exposed to foreign materials or solutions such as but not limited to cleaning products or painted walls. Services offered: This includes cutting, polishing, bevelling, and sometimes installation also. Price Mirrors are priced on per square foot basis. These dimensions are as per the buyers requirements. Also, the pricing depends upon the quality of the mirror, its thickness, weight, and flexibility of beveling the edges. Price quotes are taken from the buyer depending on their requirement. Wholesale pricing with discounts and bulk purchase discounts are provided on an individual basis. Also there great scope for buyer negotiations as there are several competitors in the market. The company will have to ensure that the prices are competitive enough to lure the client but at the same time be high enough so as to not make losses. Therefore, since they ae not operating in a monopolistic market, price is a variable they have to be careful on. Place Availability is more prominent on the online media these days. Catalogues can be browsed and orders can be placed at the seller’s website. This form of buying is most common. Also, buyers can go and personally inspect mirrors at the manufacturers/wholesalers outlet. Promotion Advertising: It is mostly done online. The variety and quality of the seller’s offering is mentioned on the websites. Placement of orders is through online forms. Promotional strategies: Manufacturers provide e-catalogues on their websites along with the sale offers and discounts that they decide on bulk purchases. Also, catalogues are sent to prospective buyers when a seller learns of the buyers intention of procuring a bulk purchase. Servicing and warranty terms are particularly mentioned as a part of the promotional strategy of a seller, as it becomes a major decision-making criterion for the buyer. B2B OR B2C? Saint Gobain Glass, India is a subsidiary of Saint Gobain France which has been in the industry since the 1600s. This being a fairly long period of time, they have managed to carve a niche for themselves in the glass industry. Though the mirror industry is only an off-shoot of the products they basically make, i.e., glass, they rule the B2C premium segment mirror market. There are a lot of local players in the industry as well. When a middle income group customer goes to buy a mirror, he would not be much bothered about the ‘brand’ of the mirror. His concern would rather be value for money and features like no distortions of images, good glass thickness, designs and varieties. Hence, his obvious choice would be something that would last for a long time, is sturdy but at the same time, is price effective. There are very few customers who can actually afford these mirrors and who consciously want to buy ‘a Saint Gobain’ when they look for a mirror. The price factor is definitely the decider when it comes to pitching these mirrors against the locally available ones. On the other hand, entering into contracts with real estate builders, interior decorators, vehicle manufacturing companies, dental equipment manufacturing companies etc, might prove to be more profitable for them since these would be repeat buyers and also the profits would come from the selling greater quantity of mirrors rather than pricing them higher, in order to achieve the  same revenue. Though the customer buying power seems to be more, the use of supreme technology for achieving unbeatable quality would ensure that the customers stick to them and build a long – standing mutually beneficial relationship. Therefore, the team is of the opinion that B2B MARKET would be better for the Saint Gobain Mirrors.

Electoral College System Essays -- Political Science

Analyze criticism of the "Electoral College" system and the alleged advantages and disadvantages of various reform proposals. The Electoral College is a system in which the individual voter does not actually vote directly for the president. When a person votes they are voting for an elector that has pledged their vote or allegiance to the running party. The Framers realized that without widespread communications available at the time and with other varying factors an "each vote counts" or "the popular vote" system would not be practical. Because of this they formed the Electoral College system, Under Article II of the US Constitution, although this system was never called this in the Article. This system has survived for over 200 years, with only two changes to it. These would be Amendment 12, and 23 of US Constitution. Many people have throughout the years said that the Electoral College is antiquated and needs to be changed, where as many others defended the Electoral College system. Some people believe the Electoral College system have many flaws, these can include electing a minority president, faithless Electors, the Electoral College causing a decline in voter turnout, the inequality of votes from large to small states, and the disadvantages for third parties. One large issue is that a president could be elected without the countries popular vote. One way this can happen is if three or more parties run splitting the Electoral votes so no one party can receive the majority of the votes. This has happened in 1824 and almost happened in 1948, and in 1968. If this does happen Amendment 12 states that the U.S. House of Representatives would then select the president from the top three. Another big issue is Electors t... ...at would like the votes to be split between parties. One of the last proposed changes is the "drop two" Electoral votes. In this proposal each states Electoral votes would be equal to their state Representatives. This system would function the same but just remove two Electoral votes from each state. This would still allow small states to over represent but would lessen the effects. Even though the Electoral College system has many flaws, it has worked for well over 200 years. Many people feel that the system is old and needs to be updated but the system was well thought out by the Framers. Ref: http://www.fec.gov/pdf/eleccoll.pdf http://www.archives.gov/federal-register/electoral-college/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Electoral_College http://jceb.co.jackson.mo.us/fun_stuff/electoral_college.htm http://www.ksg.harvard.edu/case/3pt/electoral.html#pro